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35 Document(s) [ Subject: Educational accountability ]

Committee: House Public Education
Title: Interim Report
Subjects: Border education | Border issues | Career preparedness | Children's mental health | Coronavirus | Educational accountability | Educational tests | Federal funds | Parent-school relationships | Public schools | School finance | Sex education | Special education | State of Texas Assessment of Academic Readiness | Teacher retention | Teacher retirement | Teacher Retirement System of Texas | Teacher salaries | Teacher shortages | Teacher training | Undocumented immigrant students |
Library Call Number: L1836.87 Ed84h
Session: 87th R.S. (2021)
Online version: View report [118 pages  File size: 5,785 kb]
Charges: This report should address the charges below.
1. Examine the impact, including any financial impact, to the Texas public school system of an increase in the number of children crossing the Texas-Mexico border. Review the history, any applicable precedents, and the legal landscape regarding the education of migrant children in Texas’s public schools.
2. Review the ongoing development of federal laws, rules, and regulations associated with the distribution of the federal pandemic recovery funds, including reporting requirements, and make recommendations to the House Committee on Appropriations for use of the funds to respond to the Texas-Mexico border crisis.
3. Monitor the agencies and programs under the Committee’s jurisdiction and oversee the implementation of relevant legislation passed by the 87th Legislature. Conduct active oversight of all associated rulemaking and other governmental actions taken to ensure the intended legislative outcome of all legislation, including the following:
  • HB 1525, 87th R.S., and HB 3, 86th R.S., relating to public school finance and public education;
  • HB 4545, 87th R.S., relating to assessment of public school students and providing accelerated instruction;
  • SB 1365, 87th R.S., relating to public school organization, accountability, and fiscal management;
  • SB 1716, 87th R.S., relating to supplemental special education services and instructional materials for certain public school students; and
  • HB 3906, 86th R.S., relating to the assessment of public school students, including the development and administration of assessment instruments, and technology permitted for use by students.
4. Complete study of assigned charges related to the Texas-Mexico border issued in June 2021.
5. Identify and examine efforts to ensure that parents have a meaningful role in their children’s education. Recommend necessary changes in both independent school district board and open- enrollment charter governing board governance to protect the right of parents to participate in their child’s education.
6. Examine partnerships between K-12, higher education institutions, and employers that promote postsecondary and career readiness and identify current obstacles that public schools, higher education institutions, and employers face. Make recommendations to ensure career and technical education programs, internships, apprenticeships, and other opportunities are more accessible.
7. Evaluate the impact of the pandemic on the state’s teacher workforce, and current practices to improve the recruitment, preparation, and retention of high-quality educators. Explore the impact of the educator preparation program regulatory environment. Make recommendations to improve educator recruitment, retention, and preparation throughout the state. (Joint charge with Committee on Higher Education)
8. Study the effects of COVID-19 on K-12 learning loss and best practices that exist to address learning loss. Monitor the implementation of state and local plans to address students' achievement gaps. Make recommendations for supporting the state and local efforts to increase academic development.
9. Examine the impact of COVID-19 on students' mental health, including the availability and workload of mental health professionals across the state and their role in the public school system. Make recommendations to reduce or eliminate existing barriers to providing mental health services in a traditional classroom setting or through teletherapy.
10. Study the unfulfilled recommendations from the 2016 Commission on Next Generation Assessments and Accountability. Evaluate the state’s progress on assessments and accountability and consider possible legislation to support the recommendations from the report. Study and recommend measures needed at the state level to prevent unintended consequences to students, campuses, and districts, including changes that could improve the system for students or help public schools serving a disproportionate number of educationally disadvantaged students impacted by the pandemic.
Committee: House Public Education
Title: Interim Report
Subjects: Education Agency, Texas | Educational accountability | Educational technology | Mental health services | Physical education | School finance | School safety | Special education | Teacher salaries | Texas Virtual Schools Network | Virtual schools |
Library Call Number: L1836.86 Ed84h
Session: 86th R.S. (2019)
Online version: View report [34 pages  File size: 1,813 kb]
Charges: This report should address the charges below.
1. Monitor the agencies and programs under the Committee's jurisdiction and oversee the implementation of relevant legislation passed by the 86th Legislature. Conduct active oversight of all associated rulemaking and other governmental actions taken to ensure intended legislative outcome of all legislation, including the following:
  • HB 3, which relates to public school finance and public education. Monitor the Texas Education Agency's (TEA) implementation of the bill, including the extensive rulemaking process and broad unintended consequence authority of the commissioner. Examine the pay raises districts have provided to staff and the various approaches adopted to differentiate these salary increases according to experience.
  • HB 1842, 84th R.S.; HB 22, 85th R.S.; SB 1882, 85th R.S.; and HB 3906 which relate to public school accountability, assessment, interventions, and district-charter partnerships. Monitor the ongoing progress of the TEA's implementation and rulemaking of the A-F rating system, the State of Texas Assessments of Academic Readiness (STAAR), and public school sanctions and interventions.
  • SB 1873, 85th R.S., which relates to reporting certain school district health and safety information.Review the report on physical education prepared by the TEA and determine what, if any, next steps are needed based on the data collections.

    Related to Behavioral Health (Joint charge with Committee on Public Health)
  • HB 18, which enhances school safety and mental health resources for students and school personnel and works to reduce the stigma around mental health conditions. Monitor the process by which state agencies coordinate to implement the legislation and their compliance with various requirements, including providing required guidelines and resources to schools.
  • HB 19, which places non-physician mental health professionals at education service centers to provide resources for educators and administrators in school districts and charter schools.
  • HB 906, which creates the Collaborative Task Force on Public School Mental Health Services.
  • SB 11, which creates the Texas Child Mental Health Care Consortium to facilitate access to mental health care services through telehealth and expands the mental health workforce through training and funding opportunities. Monitor the creation of the consortium and agencies' rulemaking processes. Review how school districts are spending their school safety allotment.
2. Determine if any barriers exist in providing a digital learning environment for all children, including an evaluation of the competitive marketplace for blended learning products and services. Evaluate the effectiveness of the Technology and Instructional Materials Allotment (TIMA) in providing districts the resources necessary to equip students with instructional materials and technology, including in the review all programs and initiatives funded by set-asides from the TIMA. Monitor the performance and accountability of the state's full-time virtual schools and online courses provided through the Texas Virtual School Network.
3. Monitor the progress of the TEA's compliance with the Corrective Action Response required by the United States Department of Education, the implementation of the state's Special Education Strategic Plan, and the state’s compliance with other federal requirements regarding special education, including maintenance of state financial support for special education. Recommend solutions to barriers the agency, school districts, students with disabilities, and parents face in accessing a free and appropriate public education and in meeting the milestones of the plan and any measures needed at the state level to ensure that students with disabilities are being located, fully evaluated, and appropriately identified for special education instruction and services.
4. Monitor the State Auditor's review of agencies and programs under the Committee's jurisdiction. The Chair shall seek input and periodic briefings on completed audits for the 2019 and 2020 fiscal years and bring forth pertinent issues for full committee consideration.
Committee: House Public Education
Title: Interim Report
Subjects: Academic performance | Charter schools | Dyslexia | Educational accountability | Hurricane Harvey | Learning disabilities | Natural disasters | Public schools | School finance | Special education | Student Success Initiative | Teacher incentive plans | Teacher retention | Teacher salaries | Teacher shortages | Texas Essential Knowledge and Skills |
Library Call Number: L1836.85 Ed84h
Session: 85th R.S. (2017)
Online version: View report [90 pages]
Charges: This report should address the charges below.
1. Determine, to the extent possible, the scope of financial losses, including facilities, that resulted from Harvey. Recommend possible state actions, such as changes to student counts or property valuation, to mitigate any negative impact on districts and ensure governance structures and parameters allow for effective responses.
2. Recommend any measures needed at the state level to prevent unintended punitive consequences to both students and districts in the state accountability system as a result of Harvey and its aftermath.
3. Examine the educational opportunities offered to students displaced by Harvey throughout the state and the process by which districts enroll and serve those students. Recommend any changes that could improve the process for students or help districts serving a disproportionate number of displaced students.
4. Review current state mechanisms for identifying and rewarding educators through state-level strategies. Examine how providing additional funding to enhance compensation in districts facing a shortage of experienced, highly rated teachers would affect retention and teacher quality, in addition to whether it would encourage teachers to provide additional services through extracurricular activities, tutoring, and mentoring.
5. Examine research-based options for evaluating student achievement beyond standardized test scores, including adaptive and portfolio assessments. Examine the scope of the current Texas essential Knowledge and Skills (TEKS) in grades with the state assessment, including the format, assessment calendar, and the limits of instructional days, if any. Determine if it is appropriate to limit TEKS to readiness standards that can be taught in less than the school year. Review current Student Success Initiative testing and make recommendations on its continuation or repeal. Review the ability of the state to waive standardized testing for students with significant cognitive disabilities.
6. Examine programs in public schools that have proven results meeting the needs of and improving student achievement for students with disabilities, with an emphasis on programs specializing in autism, dysgraphia, and dyslexia. Recommend ways to support and scale innovative programs for these students, including providing supplemental services, or incentivizing public-private partnerships or inter district and charter school collaborations. Monitor the implementation and funding for the pilot programs authorized in H.B. 21 (85R) and review the Texas Education Agency's compliance with S.B. 160 (85R), which prohibits special education student caps.
7. Review the charter school system in Texas. Determine if changes are needed in the granting, renewal, or revocation of charter schools, including the timeline for expansions and notification of expansions to surrounding districts. Review the educational outcomes of students in charter schools compared to those in traditional schools, and to what extent schools participate in the alternative accountability system. Monitor the implementation of facilities funding for charter schools. Consider differences in state funding for charter schools compared to their surrounding districts and the impact on the state budget. Consider admissions policies for charters, including appropriate data collection to assess demand for additional charter enrollment, compliance with access by students with disabilities and the effect of exclusions of students with criminal or disciplinary histories. Consider differences in charter and district contributions to the Teacher Retirement System on behalf of their employees and make appropriate recommendations to support the retirement benefits of all public school teachers.
8. Monitor the agencies and programs under the Committee’s jurisdiction and oversee the implementation of relevant legislation passed by the 85th Legislature. In conducting this oversight, the committee will also specifically include: H.B. 21 (85R), H.B. 22 (85R), and S.B. 179 (85R).
9. Review the effectiveness of schools' current multi-hazard emergency operation plans. Determine any areas of deficiency and make recommendations to ensure student safety. Research violence prevention strategies, such as threat assessment, that are available for school personnel to identify students who might pose a threat to themselves or others. Identify resources and training available to schools to help them develop intervention plans that address the underlying problems that caused the threatening behavior.
10. Examine current school facilities and grounds. Consider any research-based 'best practices' when designing a school to provide a more secure environment. Review the effectiveness of installing metal detectors, cameras, safety locks, streaming video of school security cameras, and other measures designed to improve school safety.
11. Consider testimony provided at the May 17 House Public Health Committee hearing regarding improving mental health services for children. Identify specific strategies that would enhance overall school safety. Study ways to help parents, youth and primary care providers support school personnel in their efforts to identify and intervene early when mental health problems arise. In addition to school-based trauma-informed programs and those that treat early psychosis, consider the benefits of universal screening tools and expanding the Child Psychiatry Access Program (CPAP). Make recommendations to enhance collaboration among the Health and Human Services Commission, the Texas Education Agency, local mental health authorities, and education service centers.
Committee: Senate Education
Title: Interim Report
Subjects: Academically unacceptable schools | Charter schools | Dallas County Schools | Districts of innovation | Early childhood education | Education Agency, Texas | Educational accountability | Educational technology | Harris County Department of Education | High school graduation requirements | Internet | Middle school students | Middle schools | Scholarships | School boards | School choice | School counselors | School finance | School vouchers | Special education | Teacher retention | Teacher training | Teacher-student relationships | Technology education | Video cameras and recordings |
Library Call Number: L1836.84 Ed83
Session: 84th R.S. (2015)
Online version: View report [50 pages]
Charges: This report should address the charges below.
1. School Choice: Study school choice programs enacted in states across the nation, examining education savings account and tax credit scholarship programs in particular. Examine the implementation process used in other states and what impact these programs have had on student academics and state and local district budgets. Make recommendations on which choice plan could best serve Texas students.
2. Charter School Approval, Expansion, Revocation: Study the approval, expansion, and revocation of public charter schools in Texas, including the implementation of SB 2, 83rd R.S. and other legislation. In particular, examine the issues surrounding the disposition of state property when charters are revoked, non-renewed, or cease to operate. Make recommendations regarding policies to ensure an efficient and effective transfer and disposal of state property that preserves state interest while ensuring that certain investment capital and the bond market supporting charter construction remains robust. In addition, make recommendations if needed to clarify policies regarding expansion of existing high-quality charter schools in Texas. Additionally, examine facility funding for charter schools in other states and make recommendations on facility funding assistance for charter schools in Texas.
3. Teacher Preparation, Retention, Shortages: Study teacher shortage and retention issues in Texas and evaluate educator preparation programs to determine if these programs are preparing educators for the rigors of the 21st century classroom. In particular, examine the shortages of ELL, special education, and STEM educators across the state and identify the issues creating a shortage. Make recommendations to improve educator preparation throughout the state and increase certification rates. (Joint Charge with Senate Higher Education)
4. Efficiency/Productivity Review: Conduct a comprehensive performance review of all public schools in Texas, examining ways to improve efficiency, productivity, and student academic outcomes. Study performance-based funding mechanisms that allocate dollars based upon achievement versus attendance. Identify any state mandates which hinder student performance, district and campus innovation, and efficiency and productivity overall.
5. Broadband Access: Evaluate digital learning opportunities in classrooms and examine existing barriers to schools' ability to provide a digital learning environment. In particular, study the availability of affordable broadband access to Page 2 of 5 school districts across Texas. Examine different options for improving access to broadband service in all areas of the state, for districts and student homes. Make recommendations on a statewide plan for building the necessary infrastructure to provide a competitive, free-market environment in broadband service.
6. Teacher-Student Relationships/Student Safety: Study the recent rise of inappropriate teacher-student relationships, the impact of social media interaction between teachers and students, and examine the current efforts by the Texas Education Agency, schools, law enforcement, and the courts to investigate and prosecute any educator engaged in inappropriate relationships. Determine what recommendations, if any, are needed to improve student safety, including increasing agency staff, adjusting penalties, and strengthening efforts to sanction educators' certificates for misconduct. Study and address the issue of prevention through training and education of school employees.
7. County School Systems: Examine the structure and performance of the two remaining county-based school systems, Harris County Department of Education and Dallas County Schools. In particular, study the efficiency of these entities and determine whether those services are duplicative with education service centers or could be absorbed by education service centers.
8. School Board Governance, Low-Performing Schools: Examine current school board governance policies and practices and make recommendations that could improve the focus, attitudes, and outcomes of Texas school boards, districts, and students. Study existing board training requirements for public schools and make suggestions to educate school board trustees of policies that could achieve better student outcomes, particularly within the framework set for low-performing schools in House Bill 1842 (HB1842)(84R).
9. Monitoring Charge: Monitor the implementation of legislation addressed by the Senate Committee on Education and make recommendations for any legislation needed to improve, enhance, and/or complete implementation. Specifically, monitor the following: 1) Legislation establishing state intervention procedures for public schools with academically unsuccessful ratings of at least two consecutive school years; and providing school districts the ability to be designated as a district of innovation; 2) Initiatives to build a high-quality pre-kindergarten grant program; 3) Legislation to raise standards of teacher preparation programs and establish a more consistent, high-quality accountability system; 4) Program to require the placement and use of video cameras in self-contained classrooms or other settings providing special education services to students; 5) Legislation to address training support for counselors, and advising courses for middle school students; and 6) Legislation to establish criteria for alternative measures of assessments to meet high school graduation requirements.
Committee: House Public Education
Title: Interim Report
Subjects: Broadband infrastructure | Career preparedness | Educational accountability | Educational technology | Gifted and talented programs | Middle school students | Middle schools | Teacher-student relationships |
Library Call Number: L1836.84 Ed84h
Session: 84th R.S. (2015)
Online version: View report [18 pages]
Charges: This report should address the charges below.
1. Examine the accessibility to broadband services for schools, libraries, and institutions of higher education. Study the feasibility and affordability of providing scalable broadband to schools and other public institutions. Research federal and state funding opportunities to support increased access to broadband. Review innovative efforts by school districts to integrate technology in the classroom. Explore ways to enhance high-tech digital learning opportunities in the classroom to improve student achievement and fulfill future workforce demands.
2. Review current policies and rules to protect students from inappropriate teacher-student relationships. Examine efforts by the Texas Education Agency, school districts, law enforcement and the courts to investigate and prosecute educators for criminal conduct. Recommend needed improvements to promote student safety, including examining current criminal penalties, superintendent reporting requirements, teacher certification sanctions and the documentation provided in school district separation agreements. Review school employee training and educational efforts to promote student safety.
3. Examine partnerships between higher education institutions, public school districts, and workforce that promote postsecondary readiness. Provide coordination recommendations to ensure vocational, career, and technical education programs are more accessible. Determine the most effective ways to invest in these partnerships and programs to direct at-risk students to stable career paths. Examine current rules and laws limiting employers from providing meaningful internships, apprenticeships, and other opportunities. Consider new methods to finance workforce training programs and associated assets in high schools and postsecondary schools, including ways to reduce or eliminate these costs and options to incentivize businesses to invest in training equipment for schools. (Joint charge with the House Committee on Economic & Small Business Development)
4. Review the state's current education policies and initiatives regarding middle grades. Make recommendations to ensure a comprehensive, research-based state strategy for preparing students at the middle grades for high school retention, success, and postsecondary readiness. This review should include an examination of school-based strategies and best practices that encourage at-risk youth to finish school.
5. Review current public education programs that address the needs of high performing students. Identify the adequacy of these programs statewide in meeting the needs of this specific student group and explore additional means to promote high quality programs designed to meet the educational needs of these students. Study ways to increase the recognition of the performance of higher performing students on test-based and non-test based measures. Examine whether the current and proposed state accountability systems adequately promote districts’ addressing the needs of students across the performance spectrum, including those students significantly outperforming their peers. Recommend whether the academic performance of high achieving students should be specifically addressed as a separate indicator in the accountability system.
6. Conduct legislative oversight and monitoring of the agencies and programs under the committee's jurisdiction and the implementing of relevant legislation passed by the 84th Legislature, specifically including HB 4, HB 743, HB 2205, and SB 149. In conducting this oversight, the committee should: a. consider any reforms to state agencies to make them more responsive to Texas taxpayers and citizens; b. identify issues regarding the agency or its governance that may be appropriate to investigate, improve, remedy, or eliminate; c. determine whether an agency is operating in a transparent and efficient manner; and d. identify opportunities to streamline programs and services while maintaining the mission of the agency and its programs.
Committee: House Public Education
Title: Interim Report
Subjects: Academic performance | Curriculum | Dallas County Schools | Educational accountability | Educational technology | Educational tests | Harris County | High school graduation requirements | School boards | School discipline | School superintendents | Teacher evaluations | Teacher quality | Teacher training | Texas Essential Knowledge and Skills | Texas Teacher Evaluation and Support System | Truancy |
Library Call Number: L1836.83 Ed84h
Session: 83rd R.S. (2013)
Online version: View report [48 pages]
Charges: This report should address the charges below.
1. Monitor the implementation of HB 5, 83rd R.S. and report on recommendations for improvement. Work with the Texas Education Agency, the State Board of Education, and public and higher education stakeholders to ensure the creation of additional rigorous mathematics and science courses needed to address the current and projected needs of the state's workforce.
2. Explore innovative, research-based options for improving student achievement beyond standardized test scores. Evaluate standards for effective campus management as well as teacher preparation, certification, and training. Review current teacher evaluation tools and instructional methods, such as project-based learning, and recommend any improvements that would promote improved student achievement. Engage stakeholders on how to recruit and retain more of our "best and brightest" into the teaching profession.
3. Solicit input from leading authorities on the traits and characteristics of good governance, effective checks and balances between the board and administration and the effective relationship between a board and the superintendent. Review current oversight authority by the Texas Education Agency over school board policies on governance. Make recommendations on trustee training, potential sanctions, and means of grievances, as well as recommendations on whether the role of trustee or superintendent needs to be more clearly defined.
4. Review successful strategies and methods that have improved student achievement at chronically underperforming schools. Identify alternatives that could be offered to current students who are attending these schools and determine how to turn these schools around. Identify the benefits and concerns with alternative governance of underperforming schools.
5. Review the broad scope and breadth of the current TEKS in the tested grades, including the format, testing calendar, and the limitation on instructional days available. Recommend options to streamline the assessment of TEKS and focus on core concepts. Review current federal testing requirements in grades 3-8 to determine if testing relief is possible.
6. Examine the role of the Harris County Department of Education (HCDE) in serving school districts. Review the programs and services of HCDE, specifically the department’s ability to assist school districts to operate more efficiently. Report any costs or savings the HCDE provides districts and taxpayers. Make recommendations to improve the operation of the HCDE.
7. Study the impact of SB 393, 83rd R.S. and SB 1114, 83rd R.S.. Assess the impact of school discipline and school-based policing on referrals to the municipal, justice, and juvenile courts, and identify judicial policies or initiatives designed to reduce referrals without having a negative impact on school safety. (Joint charge with the House Committee on Corrections)
8. Conduct legislative oversight and monitoring of the agencies and programs under the committee’s jurisdiction and the implementation of relevant legislation passed by the 83rd Legislature. In conducting this oversight, the committee should: a. consider any reforms to state agencies to make them more responsive to Texas taxpayers and citizens; b. identify issues regarding the agency or its governance that may be appropriate to investigate, improve, remedy, or eliminate; c. determine whether an agency is operating in a transparent and efficient manner; and d. identify opportunities to streamline programs and services while maintaining the mission of the agency and its programs.
Committee: House Public Education
Title: Interim Report
Subjects: Academic performance | Alternative schools | Charter schools | Disciplinary alternative education programs | Educational accountability | Grade-point averages | High school graduation requirements | Juvenile justice alternative education programs | Parent-school relationships | School discipline | State of Texas Assessment of Academic Readiness | University Interscholastic League | University of Texas at Austin |
Library Call Number: L1836.82 Ed84h
Session: 82nd R.S. (2011)
Online version: View report [22 pages]
Charges: This report should address the charges below.
1. Conduct a review of the University Interscholastic League (UIL) and make recommendations as needed.
2. Monitor state and local implementation of the new state assessment system (STAAR), specifically the impact on students, instruction, teachers, and graduation or promotion rates. Review how districts are implementing the requirement that the end-of-course assessment count for 15 percent of the student's course grade. Recommend any changes to graduation or testing requirements that promote instructional rigor and support postsecondary readiness while appropriately limiting an overreliance on standardized testing.
3. Evaluate the charter schools system in Texas. Examine success and failure stories in Texas and other states. Review the educational outcomes of students in charter schools compared to those in traditional schools. Identify any best practices and how those practices may be applied statewide. The study should include recommendations.
4. Review and make recommendations on the effectiveness of Disciplinary Alternative Education Programs (DAEPs) and Juvenile Justice Alternative Education Programs (JJAEPs) in reducing students' involvement in further disciplinary infractions. Determine the appropriate role of disciplinary alternative placements in promoting education achievement and how technology could be used to supplement education services. Consider appropriate placements in DAEPs or JJAEPs and consistent funding models for those programs. Consider options for counties without a JJAEP or inefficiently few placements in a JJAEP. Identify positive behavioral models that promote a learning environment for teachers to appropriately instruct while addressing any behavioral issues and enforcing student discipline.
5. Review methods and best practices in Texas and other states to encourage more parental and community involvement in the education of Texas children.
Committee: Senate Education
Title: Interim Report
Library Catalog Title: Report to the 82nd Legislature / Senate Committee on Education.
Subjects: Academic promotion and retention | At-risk youth | Charter schools | Children with disabilities | Dual credit high school programs | Dual language programs | Educational accountability | Educational technology | English as second language | English immersion instruction | Limited English speakers | Middle school students | Middle schools | School dropout statistics | School dropouts | School finance | Special education | State mandates | Teacher certification | Teacher incentive plans | Teacher quality | Teacher retention | Teacher salaries | Teacher shortages | Teacher training | Teachers | Textbooks | Virtual schools |
Library Call Number: L1836.81 Ed83
Session: 81st R.S. (2009)
Online version: View report [64 pages  File size: 1,615 kb]
Charges: This report should address the charges below.
1. Review the performance and accountability of the state's charter schools. Specifically, study the following:
  • Options for increasing the number of outstanding charter schools;
  • Best practices employed by high performing charter schools and make recommendations for ways to implement these strategies in other charter and public schools;
  • Feasibility of operating charter schools focused on providing high quality education for students with disabilities, such as autism;
  • Charter school initiatives in other states, specifically including incentives for public education campuses to become charter schools;
  • Options for development and funding of a charter schools facilities program.
2. Review the state's education policy and initiatives regarding middle grades. Make recommendations to ensure a comprehensive state strategy for preparing students at the middle grades for high school retention and success. This review should include an examination of school-based strategies and best practices that encourage at-risk youth to finish school and that deter delinquency, drug abuse and violence.
3. Review teacher compensation, evaluations, professional development, certification and training programs. Specifically, review the following:
  • Teacher compensation including the Minimum Salary Schedule, incentive pay, merit pay, and stipends;
  • How teacher evaluations can be effective mechanisms for increasing student achievement and improving instructional practices by including multiple measures, particularly student achievement data based on growth. Evaluate how teacher evaluations can direct district decisions on providing professional development, mentoring, intervention, and possible dismissal in response to underperforming teachers;
  • State sponsored professional development initiatives including the alignment of professional development with curriculum and real work experiences and the value of professional development for bilingual, ESL and special education teachers in increasing student achievement.
  • Need to adopt statewide standards for teacher certification and in-service training programs for regular and special education teachers at both the pre-service and in­service levels to ensure all teachers are highly qualified to teach students with disabilities.
4. Examine cost drivers in education including state requirements that impact school district budgets. Recommend opportunities for achieving cost efficiencies.
5. Study the efficacy of immersion versus dual-language instruction of English as a second language students. Make recommendations for improving programs and instituting best practices.
6. Study the effectiveness of Texas school districts' special education programs. Review the range of needs of special education students, districts' ability to provide an appropriate education for these students, and assess the effectiveness of programs currently funded for special education. Make recommendations for improvement.
7. Review dual credit courses including the cost of delivery, funding mechanisms, and possibility of a statewide dual credit system. This review should also include an examination of the rigor, quality and consistency of dual credit courses. (Joint charge with Senate Higher Education Committee)
8. Monitor the implementation of legislation addressed by the Senate Committee on Education, 81st Legislature, Regular and Called Sessions, and make recommendations for any legislation needed to improve, enhance, and/or complete implementation. Review the implementation of legislation related to the state's accountability system including the revised dropout rate calculation, textbooks, and the virtual school network. Specifically, monitor the following:
  • HB 3, relating to public school accountability;
  • HB 2488, relating to open-source textbooks, and HB 4294, relating to textbooks and the use of technology;
  • HB 3646, relating to public school finance and programs; and
  • SB 174, relating to an accountability system for educator preparation programs.
Committee: House Public Education
Title: Interim Report
Library Catalog Title: House Committee on Public Education, Texas House of Representatives interim report, 2010 : a report to the House of Representatives, 82nd Texas Legislature
Subjects: College preparedness | Educational accountability | H1N1 virus | School administration | Science, technology, engineering and mathematics education | Student health | Teacher retention |
Library Call Number: L1836.81 Ed84h
Session: 81st R.S. (2009)
Online version: View report [19 pages  File size: 715 kb]
Charges: This report should address the charges below.
1. Monitor the implementation of the public school accountability, college readiness, and other reforms enacted by HB 3, 81st R.S., and recommend adjustments as needed.
2. Study the role of public schools in promoting student health, providing health related information, and responding to infectious diseases, including the H1N1 virus.
3. Study the best leadership and management practices of campus administrators for improving student achievement, with particular focus on effective leadership models for improving low-performing campuses. Make recommendations on how to implement successful strategies at scale. Review the current administrator certification process and make suggestions for improvements.
4. Review policies to ensure the availability of quality science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) curriculum to all students in primary and secondary education. Examine strategies to increase the supply and improve retention rates of teachers in STEM fields.
5. Monitor the age ncies and programs under the committee's jurisdiction.
Committee: Senate Education
Title: Interim Report
Library Catalog Title: Report to the 81st Legislature
Subjects: Adult education | Autism | Career and technical education | Career preparedness | College preparedness | Educational accountability | Limited English speakers | Literacy | Property taxes | School dropouts | School finance | Special education | Textbooks | Workforce |
Library Call Number: L1836.80 Ed83
Session: 80th R.S. (2007)
Online version: View report [37 pages  File size: 660 kb]
Charges: This report should address the charges below.
1. Study the effectiveness of public school programs serving special education students, including autistic students. Specifically, consider whether special education services are adequately preparing students for post-secondary opportunities. The review should also include the availability and quality of the supports and services provided by adult services agencies for individuals with disabilities. Make recommendations for improving public school special education programs and the coordination of adult education services among state agencies.
2. Conduct a comprehensive review of the public school accountability system and make recommendations for improvements. The review shall include indicators in the current system, measures of district and campus performance, public expectations, individual student achievement and measures of teacher, program and financial effectiveness.
3. Review and make recommendations to improve the state's Adult Basic Education program. Emphasis should be placed on ways to advance literacy in Texas in order to promote economic and individual development. The review should also include a study of the coordination of adult education services among state agencies and the availability and accessibility of state and federal funding.
4. Review and make recommendations regarding best practices for programs targeted to improve the academic success of limited English-proficient students.
5. Review the access and quality of career and technical education programs in the state and make recommendations to improve these programs to address the economic and workforce needs of this state.
6. Make recommendations for controlling the costs of textbooks from kindergarten through higher education, and monitor the implementation of HB 188, 80th R.S., relating to instructional materials.
7. Review current property tax rates at school districts. Explore what mechanisms may exist to prevent any future constitutional funding challenges. Review any funding issues that are particular to certain types of school districts, such as fast growth districts. (Joint charge with Senate Finance Committee)
8. Monitor the implementation of legislation addressed by the Education Committee, 80th R.S., and make recommendations for any legislation needed to improve, enhance and/or complete implementation. Specifically, monitor the implementation of HB 2237, 80th R.S., relating to grants and programs for dropout prevention, high school success and college and workforce readiness in public schools. Include a review of the revised methodology the Texas Education Agency uses to calculate the dropout rate. Report on the implementation of education reforms in HB 1, 79th Legislature, 3rd Called Session. The review should include: the implementation of the high school allotment, the development of the best practices clearinghouse and the electronic student records system, the alignment of curriculum to attain college readiness, student improvement/growth models and access to college credit in high school. The committee should also study and make recommendations on how to continue strengthening the P-16 Initiative to promote college attendance in this state.
Committee: Joint Public School Accountability, Select
Title: Interim Report
Library Catalog Title: Select Committee on Public School Accountability
Subjects: Educational accountability | Educational test preparation | Educational tests | End-of-course tests |
Library Call Number: L1836.80 Ed84sa
Session: 80th R.S. (2007)
Online version: View report [22 pages  File size: 2,296 kb]
Charge: This report should address the charge below.
1. The committee shall conduct a comprehensive review of the public school acountability system. In conducting the review, the committee shall study the mission, organizational structure, design, processes, and practices of similar accountability systems in other states and the requirements established by federal law.
Committee: Senate Education
Title: Interim Report
Library Catalog Title: Report to the 80th Legislature
Subjects: College preparedness | Disciplinary alternative education programs | Education, Texas State Board of | Educational accountability | Permanent School Fund | School choice | School discipline | Teacher incentive plans | Teacher salaries | Zero tolerance policies |
Library Call Number: L1836.79 Ed83
Session: 79th R.S. (2005)
Online version: View report [40 pages  File size: 4,633 kb]
Charges: This report should address the charges below.
1. Review and make recommendations on any improvements necessary for the state's accountability system, especially as it relates to closing and measuring achievement gaps. The committee should study the feasibility of establishing statutory minimum or baseline performance standards for state education policies. Such a review should include a thorough study of the current assessment structure and make any recommendations about moving to other formats such as end of course testing. The committee shall also make recommendations on how to incorporate alternative delivery methods when assessing student performance.
2. Study and make recommendations on educational reforms necessary to focus high schools and student performance on post-secondary readiness and success.
3. Review the operation of the State Board of Education, including its oversight of the Permanent School Fund, and make recommendations, if necessary, for appropriate legislative oversight and review.
4. Study the impact of pay-for-performance and differentiated pay scales on teacher recruitment and retention. Examine alternative approaches to improving teacher retention. Study value-added assessment/individual student growth measures as a factor in determining compensation for teacher effectiveness. Examine programs in other states that expand the range of teacher salaries and provide incentives for effective teachers to remain in the classroom. Make recommendations for changing teacher salary structures.
5. Review and make recommendations, if necessary, that streamline and clarify Chapter 37 of the Education Code dealing with student discipline. Include a study of state accountability measures for disciplinary alternative education programs to evaluate academic performance and effectiveness in modifying behavior. Include a study of the effects of zero tolerance practices and other changes made by the 79th Legislature. Include a review of after school prevention programs.
6. Evaluate the impact of successful school choice programs on students, parents, and teachers
Committee: Senate Education
Title: Interim Report
Library Catalog Title: Senate Committee on Education report to the 79th Legislature.
Subjects: ACT test | Advanced Placement programs | Child care | Corporate sponsorships | Early childhood education | Educational accountability | Educational test preparation | No Child Left Behind Act | Scholastic Assessment Test | School dropout statistics | School dropouts | School ratings | Teacher certification | Teacher incentive plans | Teacher quality | Teacher salaries | Teacher shortages | Texas Assessment of Knowledge and Skills | Texas Essential Knowledge and Skills | Textbooks |
Library Call Number: L1836.78 Ed83
Session: 78th R.S. (2003)
Online version: View report [69 pages  File size: 1,172 kb]
Charges: This report should address the charges below.
1. Study the implementation of SB 186, 78th R.S., (relating to the computation of public school dropout and completion rates) and make recommendations for improvements to current statutes and programs. Explore opportunities for maximizing current resources and identifying additional state, federal, and privately-sponsored programs for at-risk students that offer innovative delivery of educational services that encourage students to finish school. Focus on mentoring programs, including, but not limited to Communities in Schools, and the use of technology to provide instruction.
2. Study the performance of high school students on TAKS, the new state assessment instrument. Make recommendations to improve any performance deficiencies that are identified by the review, including alternative school schedules, mentoring programs, technology-based applications, and other innovative solutions.
3. Study progress of implementation of SB 76 (relating to the provision of subsidized child-care services). Evaluate and make recommendations on opportunities for Texas to increase the educational component of the Head Start program. Examine and make recommendations relating to access to quality early education, including estimated costs, teacher availability, learning requirements, and access to services for students with special needs.
4. Evaluate opportunities and make recommendations on increasing the supply of qualified teachers and improving their working conditions. The evaluation and recommendations should focus on preparation, recruitment, certification, and retention of qualified teachers, while not restricting alternative certification. Conduct an assessment of the impact of teacher incentives, including mentoring programs and other creative options for retaining teachers, and develop recommendations for implementing incentive programs.
5. Study and make recommendations relating to the effectiveness of the current process of selecting, funding, and distributing textbooks. Identify areas where the current process can be made more cost efficient, including recommendations relating to innovative methods of providing instruction such as online distance learning, and the use of interactive software to address the specific challenges of remedial students and advanced readers. Identify costs and benefits of using technology to provide current and innovative instructional materials, including staffing and hardware requirements.
6. Study the TEA's implementation of the state's new accountability system and make recommendations to resolve any problems found. Examine the impact of the federal No Child Left Behind law on the state's accountability system and make recommendations for changes to state law to meet the federal legislation. Examine the ability of the current PEIMS database to meet future information needs and recommend changes, if necessary. Review and make recommendations on innovative alternatives for tracking student performance.
7. Study successful partnerships between school districts and the business community and make recommendations for maximizing the use of effective partnerships, improving the delivery of education services, and enhancing educational opportunities for Texas students, especially at-risk students.
Committee: Senate 21st Century Colleges and Universities, Special
Title: Interim Report
Library Catalog Title: Higher education in the 21st Century : moving every Texan forward : report of the Special Commission on 21st Century Colleges and Universities.
Subjects: College preparatory curriculum | College preparedness | Economic development | Educational accountability | Higher education | Higher Education Coordinating Board, Texas | Job training programs | Recommended High School Program | Scholarships | Toward EXcellence, Access & Success Grant Program | University finance | University research |
Library Call Number: L1836.76 t918
Session: 76th R.S. (1999)
Online version: View report [40 pages  File size: 3,166 kb]
Charge: This report should address the charge below.
1. The Commission shall study issues related to institutions of higher education and their role in contributing to the human capital needed for the State of Texas to be a leader in the new economy of the 21st Century. These issues should include, but not be limited to: The accessibility and affordability of higher education with special attention to the long-term impact of the changing demographics of the state; The future workforce needs of the state and the role of higher education in addressing those needs; The appropriate role and mission of institutions in meeting state priorities; The effective use of technology in delivering education and training; The development and improvement of appropriate accountability measures and benchmarks to measure performance; The development of strategies to pursue and attain academic excellence; The role of higher education in investment in research and development and its link to economic growth; The use of funding mechanisms to reward performance and provide incentives to address state priorities; The formation of partnerships with business for training and re-training to address workforce demands; and The role of the Higher Education Coordinating Board in pursuing state priorities.
Supporting documents
Committee: Senate 21st Century Colleges and Universities, Special
Title: Beyond the barriers: issues and ideas on improving access
Library Catalog Title: Beyond the barriers : issues and ideas on improving access / prepared for the Special Committee on 21st Century Colleges and Universities [by] the George Bush School of Government and Public Service, Texas A&M University, Class of 2000.
Library Call Number: L1836.76 t918b
Session: 76th R.S. (1999)
Online version: View document [101 pages  File size: 484 kb]
Committee: House Public Education
Title: Interim report
Library Catalog Title: House Committee on Public Education, Texas House of Representatives interim report, 2000 : a report to the House of Representatives, 77th Texas Legislature.
Subjects: Alternative schools | At-risk youth | Career and technical education | Charter schools | Children with disabilities | Education Agency, Texas | Educational accountability | Job training programs | Juvenile justice alternative education programs | School discipline | Special education | Technology education | Textbooks |
Library Call Number: L1836.76 ed83h
Session: 76th R.S. (1999)
Online version: View report [65 pages  File size: 3,833 kb]
Charges: This report should address the charges below.
1. Evaluate the charter school program. Review the roles of the state, the Texas Education Agency, and local districts and agencies, as well as the performance of the schools and their students.
2. Review the goals of alternative education, disciplinary alternative education and juvenile justice alternative education programs. Study the organization and functioning of the programs to determine the extent to which they are meeting goals.
3. Conduct a comprehensive review of the state's philosophy and policies regarding career and technical education with attention to students who do not pursue advanced degrees.
4. Conduct active oversight of the agencies under the committee's jurisdiction, including, particularly, the pre-K, kindergarten and 9th grade grant programs authorized in SB 4, 76th R.S..
Committee: House Public Education
Title: Interim report
Library Catalog Title: Committee on Public Education, Texas House of Representatives interim report, 1996 : a report to the House of Representatives, 75th Texas Legislature.
Subjects: Education | Education Agency, Texas | Educational accountability | School districts | School finance | State Auditor's Office, Texas | Statutory revision | Teacher salaries |
Library Call Number: L1836.74 ed83h
Session: 74th R.S. (1995)
Online version: View report [71 pages  File size: 2,933 kb]
Charges: This report should address the charges below.
1. Monitor implementation and effects of the recodification of the Education Code by the 74th Legislature.
2. Study the possibility of providing incentive pay to teachers in inner-city and low-performing districts.
3. Review the accuracy of the key accountability and reporting systems used by state leaders to assess and assure school performance.
4. Assess the extent to which authority for key decisions is devolving to the local level and the extent to which local policy-makers are exercising options to innovate.
5. Conduct active oversight of agencies under the committee's jurisdiction.
Committee: Joint Review of the Central Education Agency, Select
Title: Interim report
Library Catalog Title: Final report of the Joint Select Committee to Review the Central Education Agency.
Subjects: Alternative schools | At-risk youth | Charter schools | Education | Education Agency, Texas | Education reform | Education Service Centers | Education, Texas State Board of | Educational accountability | Elementary education | School choice | School discipline | School safety | Secondary education | Special education |
Library Call Number: L1836.73 ed83s
Session: 73rd R.S. (1993)
Online version: View report [69 pages  File size: 2,694 kb]
Charges: This report should address the charges below.
1. The committee shall conduct an in-depth and comprehensive review of the mission, organization, size, and effectiveness of the Central Education Agency. In conducting its review, the committee shall study the mission, organizational structure, and practices of similar agencies in other states. The review must include:
2. a study of the agency's success in addressing the national education goals, adopted by the President of the United States and the nation's 50 governors and the goals for public education provided by Section 35.001
3. a study of the agency's organizational mission, structure, size, and effectiveness
4. a study of the number and effectiveness of committees created under the auspices of the agency or the State Board of Education
5. identification of those functions that should be performed by the state and those that should be performed regionally through the regional service centers
6. a study of the adequacy, validity, and timeliness of data collected and published by the Public Education Information Managements System (PEIMS) as provided by Section 16.007, Education Code
7. a study of the adequacy and effectiveness of programs designed for special populations of students and for teacher and administrator staff development
8. a study of the adequacy and effectiveness of assistance provided the site-based management teams, established under Section 21.931, Education Code
9. a study of the efficient use of state resources, school district structure, and opportunities for shared costs in order to determine the best management and use of state resources and to assist school districts in determining optimal educational opportunities.
Committee: Joint Public Education, Select
Title: Interim Report
Library Catalog Title: Recommendations / Select Committee on Public Education.
Subjects: Education | Education reform | Educational accountability | School finance | Teacher quality |
Library Call Number: L1836.68 ed84r
Session: 68th R.S. (1983)
Online version: View report [49 pages  File size: 1,397 kb]
Charge: This report should address the charge below.
1. Study issues and continuing concerns relating to public education in Texas, particularly school finance and each of its components - personnel support, operating costs, transportation, equalization, minimum aid and the categorical-aid programs - as well as the source of funding and structure of the system.
Supporting documents
Committee: Joint Public Education, Select
Title: Mimimum pay for teacher career ladder levels
Library Catalog Title: Minimum pay for teacher career ladder levels : status report / presented to the Subcommittee on the Teaching Profession, Select Committee on Public Education.
Library Call Number: L1836.68 ed84wtm
Session: 68th R.S. (1983)
Committee: Joint Public Education, Select
Title: Report: teacher career ladder installation
Library Catalog Title: Report : teacher career ladder installation / presented to the Subcommittee on the Teaching Profession, Select Committee on Public Education.
Library Call Number: L1836.68 ed84wtr
Session: 68th R.S. (1983)
Committee: Joint Public Education, Select
Title: The process to develop a career ladder
Library Catalog Title: The process to develop a career ladder-based pay-for-performance pay program for teachers : status report / presented to the Subcommittee on the Teaching Profession, Select Committee on Public Education.
Library Call Number: L1836.68 ed84wtr 2/84
Session: 68th R.S. (1983)
Committee: Joint Public Education, Select
Title: HCR 275
Library Call Number: HCR 275
Session: 68th R.S. (1983)
Online version: View document [4 pages  File size: 236 kb]
Committee: Joint Public Education, Select
Title: Committee documentation: committee overview and appointments, subcommittee appointments and scope of work (Finance, Educating the Child, Public Relations, Teaching Profession, Organization and Management, Legislative Action)
Library Catalog Title: Minutes
Library Call Number: L1836.68 ED84R 68
Session: 68th R.S. (1983)
Online version: View document [18 pages]
Committee: Joint Public Education, Select
Title: Presentation by the Houston Independent School District (including educational systems in Japan and Soviet Union, reports to National Commission on Education, Houston Plan for Educational Excellence, Challenge and the Chance Governor's Commission 1968)
Library Catalog Title: Minutes
Library Call Number: L1836.68 ED84R 68
Session: 68th R.S. (1983)
Online version: View document [714 pages]
Committee: Joint Public Education, Select
Title: Notices of public hearing, formal meeting, and work session
Library Catalog Title: Minutes
Library Call Number: L1801.9 ED84R 68
Session: 68th R.S. (1983)
Online version: View document [28 pages]
Committee: House Public Education
Title: Cost and Student Data Based on G.O.E.R. Property Values
Library Catalog Title: Minutes
Library Call Number: L1801.9 ED83H 65
Session: 65th R.S. (1977)
Online version: View document [549 pages]
Committee: House Public Education
Title: Interim Report
Library Catalog Title: To the speaker and members of the Texas House of Representatives, 65th Legislature : report of the / Committee on Public Education, Texas House of Representatives, 64th Legislature.
Subjects: Career and technical education | Education Agency, Texas | Educational accountability | Extracurricular activities | High school athletics | Immigrant students | Integration | School discipline | Year-round schooling |
Library Call Number: L1836.64 ed83p
Session: 64th R.S. (1975)
Online version: View report [50 pages  File size: 1,453 kb]
Charges: This report should address the charges below.
1. Study the funding, role, scope, operations, procedures, and responsiveness to the needs of education in Texas of the Texas Education Agency. Ascertain whether money spend under the general appropriations act is carried forward for the programs and purposes for which it was intended and ascertain that monies are not expended for unauthorized purposes or programs. Determine that programs are fulfilling a need. Inquire whether services are duplicative or overlapping.
2. Goals for public education in Texas.
3. The alien student enrollment and its educational and economic impact on school districts in Texas.
4. The need for apprenticeship adult vocational education. Compliance of school districts with the Texas Education Code.
5. School disciplinary methods and procedures.
6. The problems encountered by athletes in public schools as the result of severe sports injuries.
7. Community-based extra-curricular activities for public school students.
8. The feasibility of year-round public schools.
Committee: House Education
Title: Interim Report
Library Catalog Title: A time for change towards quality and equality : report of the House Education Committee.
Subjects: Educational accountability | Educational adequacy | School finance | Tax administration |
Library Call Number: L1836.63 ed832
Session: 63rd R.S. (1973)
Online version: View report [40 pages  File size: 3,906 kb]
Charges: This report should address the charges below.
1. Prepare, polish and refine HB 946, 63rd Legislature, Regular Session, and have it ready for legislative action no later than September 15, 1973.
2. Study the current school finance system in Texas. Evaluate school district organization, student performance, personnel policies, revenues, expenditures, salary levels and enrichment. *
3. Develop a method of measuring the wealth of school districts and evaluate tax assessment practices. *
4. Develop recommendations for disbursement of funds, considering such questions as the proper student-teacher ratios, what supportive staff should be provided, the level of operation and maintenance costs necessary to maintain a proper educational atmosphere, the type and amount of transportation funds that should be provided, whether local leeway should be included, and the level of compensatory education. Establish methods for measuring the quality of education. *
Committee: House Public Education Administration, Interim
Title: Interim Report
Library Catalog Title: Report of the Interim Study Committee on the Administration of Public Education to the 63rd Legislature.
Subjects: Education Agency, Texas | Educational accountability |
Library Call Number: L1836.62 ed83a
Session: 62nd R.S. (1971)
Online version: View report [5 pages  File size: 232 kb]
Charge: This report should address the charge below.
1. The committee shall study: (1) all phases of the Texas Education Agency and its methods of administering the public education system of Texas, (2) better ways to conduct all facets of departments education for the betterment and upgrading of public education in Texas, (3) the need and desirability of reorganizing the Texas Education Agency to eliminate duplication of efforts, (4) possible means of curbing nonessential expenditures to maintain the greatest possible efficiency in the administration of public education in Texas, and (5) any other related matter which the committee shall deem significant in making a complete study of the problems mentioned in this resolution.
Supporting documents
Committee: House Public Education Administration, Interim
Title: Transcript, February 2, 1972, San Antonio
Library Catalog Title: Minutes
Library Call Number: L1836.62 ED83M 2/2
Session: 62nd R.S. (1971)
Online version: View document [53 pages  File size: 1,574 kb]
Committee: House Public Education Administration, Interim
Title: Transcripts, July 11, 1972 (Beaumont); August 15, 1972 (Nacogdoches); August 22, 1972 (Temple); and September 7, 1972 (Baytown)
Library Catalog Title: Minutes
Library Call Number: L1836.62 ED83M
Session: 62nd R.S. (1971)
Online version: View document [285 pages  File size: 95,047 kb]
Committee: House Public Education Administration, Interim
Title: Transcript, August 15, 1972, Nacogdoches
Library Catalog Title: Minutes
Library Call Number: L1836.62 ED83M 8/15
Session: 62nd R.S. (1971)
Online version: View document [66 pages  File size: 23,199 kb]
Committee: House Public Education Administration, Interim
Title: Transcript, August 22, 1972, Temple
Library Catalog Title: Minutes
Library Call Number: L1836.62 ED83M 8/22
Session: 62nd R.S. (1971)
Online version: View document [73 pages  File size: 22,589 kb]
Committee: House Public Education Administration, Interim
Title: Transcript, September 7, 1972, Baytown
Library Catalog Title: Minutes
Library Call Number: L1836.62 ED83M 9/7
Session: 62nd R.S. (1971)
Online version: View document [68 pages  File size: 22,348 kb]

* This represents an abstract of the report contents. Charge text is incomplete or unavailable.

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